Coercion & modern slavery

When the person on camera is not freely participating - debt bondage, third-party control, exploitative recruitment and trafficking indicators that platforms are increasingly responsible for detecting.

Report a concern in this area View the framework

What this covers

Scope of this assessment area

Modern-slavery laws in the UK, EU and growing parts of the US extend platform duty of care to performers. Detection is hard, but it is no longer optional, and platforms can no longer claim that performers 'are independent contractors' to side-step it.

Signals & indicators

What we look for

Observable patterns that trigger investigation under this area.

Never alone on cameraSomeone always off-frame, audible, or visibly directing the performer.

Off-camera instructionsPerformer glances off-screen before answering; scripted responses.

Held documents / phonePerformer cannot show ID, cannot answer their own messages.

Visible injury or distressSigns ignored or explained away by a third party.

Rotating cast in one roomSame broadcasting space hosting many different performers over time.

Refusal to discuss conditionsStandard welfare questions met with deflection or a third-party answer.

Payments outside performer's nameEarnings routed to bank accounts not belonging to the performer.

Movement restrictionsPerformer cannot leave the location between sessions.

Assessment framework

Criteria a platform is scored against

Each criterion is publicly defined and applied consistently across every platform we review.

Trafficking-awareness training

Moderators trained on indicators, not just content rules.

Labour-authority cooperation

Established channels to national anti-trafficking units.

Abnormal-pattern detection

Behavioural signals across performers in the same location / IP.

Performer welfare audits

Independent reviewers contact high-volume performers directly.

Practical next steps

If you are affected - what to do first

Sequential, low-risk actions you can take right now.

STEP 01

National trafficking hotline

Call first - they can move faster than the platform can.

STEP 02

Capture identifying detail safely

Room URL, timestamps, recognisable features - without contacting the suspected victim.

STEP 03

Report to platform with welfare flag

Use the welfare or trafficking report path, not the generic ToS one.

STEP 04

Coordinate with an NGO

Anti-trafficking NGOs handle relocation, legal aid and platform liaison.

Have evidence in this area?

Submit confidentially - encrypted at rest, named reviewers only, you can submit anonymously.

Submit evidence How evidence is handled